Stephen Derbyshire
UNIT 10 (Critical study)
This statement of intent will outline the area in which I would like to study. I will research to increase my understanding of my chosen topic.
My contextual studies (unit 10) I would like to look into what graphic styles (movements) that where originated between WW1/WW2 & the Cold War, And how propaganda communicated to reflex socially and politically through print advertisement. Looking into the colour, composition, content and the political motivation.
My unit 9 brief will consist of myself designing and promoting for the national football museum. That is opening in Manchester this summer. I will be able to link my research from my contextual side to the practical side. This will benefit my understanding of Art Movements and also the specific graphic styles I wish to choose.
FIRST 100 WORDS
unit 10 (First 100 Word Daft)
' The meaning of propaganda is known to be, ‘misleading or biased information’. It is commonly used to promote, or to publicize a particular cause or point of view”[on-line] Available:
I will be focusing on the ‘British Political Strategy’ and how the British Government used large mediums of propaganda during World War 1 (ww1).
Britain joined The Great War on 4th of August 1914 after the British government sent an ultimatum declaring war on Germany. (Central European time.) [On-line] Available: http://www.greatwar.co.uk/timeline/ww1-events-1914.htm (20th May 2012)
PICTURE REFERENCE
"come and join the rank and fight for your country - dont stay in the crowd and stare. you are wanted at the front"
LOC Summary: Poster showing men, some wearing the Union Jack on their lapels, watching as soldiers march by. LOC Notes: Title from item. Date Created/Published: London : Parliamentary Recruiting Committee, 1915. World War I poster provided by LOC: lithograph, color ; 95 x 63 cm.http://www.ww1propaganda.com/ww1-poster/come-ranks-and-fight-your-king-and-country-dont-stay-crowd-and-stare-you-are-wanted-front
PICTURE REFERENCE
"your country needs you"
1000 WORDS
Propaganda and how print advertisement was effective
in Britain during world war one
By Stephen Derbyshire
(Central European time.) [On-line] Available: http://www.greatwar.co.uk/timeline/ww1-events-1914.htm (20th May 2012)
2000 word essay presented to the Manchester College
& Manchester metropolitan university part of my unit 10 for my second year
in Fde graphic design and advertisement.
Tutor: Simon S Wright & Alex klomsley
I will be focusing on the ‘British Political
Strategy’ and how the British Government used propaganda during World War 1
(ww1). The meaning of propaganda is known to be; “misleading or biased information’. It is commonly used to promote, or
to publicize a particular cause or point of view.”
Britain joined The Great War on 4th
of August 1914 after the British government sent an ultimatum declaring war on
Germany.
When Britain declared war on Germany, Britain
didn’t have the amount of soldiers as of their enemies. The government had to
act fast, making sure they had complete support with the British the population
during the war. They used Propaganda to motivate and encourage belief of the country at war. The First World War was at the point of industrialization and was
seen as very modern warfare. The government used various ways of propaganda with modern
manufacturing techniques to distribute news via Posters, newspapers, and advertisements,
Television, Film and Radio. And what was seen
appropriate to be published either to keep the public moral up or informing the
public of ways of helping such as donation that went to the soldiers on the
front line The (B.G) used to these mediums of propaganda to alter the way
people thought and felt about the war. The government had complete control of the country’s news
and broadcast. Instead of printing their campaign them self the government used Commercial Print companies to print and publish their
information, showing an unbiased view of the news being written by journalist instead
of politicians in a official newspaper, whistling the government are still in
control of what is to be published. The (B.G) had to do everything in their
power in winning over the general public of War. On the [2nd
September 1914] The Government established a Propaganda Bureau. Inviting
leading authors in Britain to discuss how to communicate to the public of war,
whilst keeping the country Morales positive, and showing that Britain were
still in control of the countries social and economic welfare.
Poster advertisement played a huge role
during world war one, and proved to be the most important and successful new
medium to recruit British men to join the army and fight for their country. Most
people couldn’t afford newspapers and were more attracted to colourful images and text that where quicker to manufacture and
distribute all over the country.
Influential
posters where designed to encourage men to join the army. I came across a poster reading ‘‘Come into the ranks and fight for your king and country - don't stay in
the crowd and stare. You are wanted at the front…Enlist today” The Print Screened poster shows troops of British soldiers marching to
war and by-standing men watching in the crowd giving the
impression that all able-bodied men should take part and sign
up and fight for their country. The government was influencing the idea that war is the right
direction for British men, showing that everyone has an opportunity to be
involved in some way.
Another
influential poster was to encourage men to join the army. this was a poster of Lord
Kitchener (L.K) in is uniform designed by Alfred Leete.
(L.K) has his arm out and figure pointing at the view with the caption ‘Britain… wants you… join your country’s
army… And finishes of with ‘god save
the king’ it was that inspirational it was publishing in the London Opinion. Alfred leete was trying to give the direction
that (L.K) is directly speaking at you. This would have been very inspirational
because (L.K) was appointed Secretary of state for war and was a big influence
to the British army recruitment scheme. These sorts of posters campaigns were
created to connect with the public to join the army and fight for their king
and country. Some
posters Show the positive effect of war and what an ieffect it was having on
the country, Particularly to the younger generation,
giving the impression that war was somewhat of an adventure.
The government would also corrupt the news
with Atrocity Propaganda, images and news that were designed to print false
information in the newspaper and other means of communication about the enemy, Headlines
such as ‘cutting hands of teenage boys’
and ‘giving children hand grenades’
were used by the press portraying a fake impression of how the British
government wanted the public to think about the opposition, and how evil they
were. Encouraging people to instantly think of hatred and fear when they news
of the Germans by
exaggerating how they really were, this Enticing people even more to join the
army. David Willson In 1917 was popular with the British public. Proves this
point when he design a poster called “Red Cross or Iron Cross” The poster shows
an image of a German nurse, purposely pouring a
glass water onto the ground in front a wounded and thirsty British soldier. In
the background you can see Two German officers standing, purposely grinning
with enjoyment. With a captions stating, “wounded
and a prisoner, our shoulder crises for water. The German Sister Pours It On The Ground Before His Eyes. There Is No
British Woman In Britain Who Would Do This. There Will Be No Women In Britain How
Will Forget It Either”. This poster was created to target the difference
between both countries’ beliefs. Showing that not only a German disgraceful but
even how cruel German nurses is too. In this poster David Willson Giving false
belief of sinful hatred showing how supposedly the Germans are treating there
prisoners.
The (B.G) during the war gave the public
impression of how to think about the opposition. The (B.G) made the English publics hate
the enemy by exaggerating how they really were in the media.
Other poster were designed to show citizens
that they didn’t have to fight, but could help in other way
[ONLINE]Available:https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqWauF0ub6ngtw0FoyRLAA7bKB8aOVPucO5phY_dtyRvszbaUhNPJRC5t_VHNTuEH_CjjPi-4Fz9K71uS-hcLLXAQQdwb1MEI1Z_YjFo9I3pZqVte2G9Cj3KOWXSfETfM8qiic52ZfDPlf/s1600/Red+Cross+Or+Iron+Cross.jpg [4th june 2012)
(Central European time.) [On-line] Available: http://www.greatwar.co.uk/timeline/ww1-events-1914.htm (20th May 2012)
[On-line] Available: http://www.greatwar.nl/students/papers/collins/propaganda.html
(20th may 2012)
(1914) [P 1] [On Line]
Available: http://www.ww1propaganda.com/world-war-1-posters/british-ww1-propaganda-posters
2000 WORDS (completed)
2000 WORDS (completed)
Propaganda and how print advertisement was effective in Britain during world war one
By Stephen Derbyshire
2000 word essay presented to the Manchester College & Manchester metropolitan university part of my unit 10 for my second year in Fde graphic design and advertisement.
Tutor: Simon S Wright & Alex klomsley
The main investigation is to find out if the first world war affected the culture and economy in great Britain at the beginning of the first world war (ww1) I will be focusing on the ‘British Political Strategy’ and how the British Government used different mediums of propaganda to the power of persuasion, and how publishing changed the country during the industrialization. Helping to promote the image of war to the British public and how to opinionate false accusations of there enemy (the Germans)
The meaning of propaganda is known to be; “misleading or biased information’. It is commonly used to promote, or to publicize a particular cause or point of view.”
Britain joined The Great War on 4th of August 1914 after the British government sent an ultimatum declaring war on Germany. The war was seen as a great tragedy and wasted many lives. Around 10million people died and around 20 million soldiers
When Britain declared war on Germany, Britain didn’t have the amount of soldiers as of their enemies. The government had to act fast, making sure they had complete support with the British population during the war. They used Propaganda to motivate and encouragement of the public that the country was at war. It altered the way the public thought and feel of the war. It affected how people looked at the value of war and what their priorities would be to contribute to war. The government used various ways of propaganda with modern manufacturing techniques to distribute news, to cover up the cruel truths of war by keeping the public in the shadow and printing news of acceptable and glorified news via Posters, pamphlets, newspapers, and advertisements, Television, Film and Radio aswell. The government saw this, as an advantage to promote something to would be easily accepted by the general public. Propagandist published at the start of the war to either, keep the public moral high, or to inform the public ways they could help towards war. Other poster were designed to show citizens that they didn’t have to fight, but could help in other ways. Donations poster were established to the public encouraging the public to help towards men fighting for there countries. Food and water, new uniforms weapons helped maintaining power on the front line. The British Government (B.G) used these mediums of propaganda to alter the way people thought and felt about the war. The government had complete control of the country’s news and broadcasting systems, Instead of printing their campaigns of war themselves. They used ‘Commercial Print companies’ to publish their news to cover up atrocities to promote an unbiased image war and how the government used it to their advantage to show how they predicted the war to be. The British government (B.G) had to-do everything in their power to encourage general public of war.
On the [2nd September 1914] The Government established a Propaganda Bureau. Inviting leading authors in Britain to discuss how to communicate to the public of war, whilst keeping the country Morales positive, and showing that Britain were still in control of the countries social and economic welfare the Bureau introduced Poster posters first and played a huge role during the war. Posters proved to be the most important and successful new medium to recruit British men to join the army and fight for their country.
When The First World War started, Great Britain was in the middle of industrialization era and was portrayed as a very modern Culture. Most people couldn’t afford newspapers and were more attracted to colourful images and text that where quicker to manufacture and distribute all over the country, by doing this, all of a sudden companies that that published were printing information that they wouldn’t normally write, some times could be against there will. This effected the general public and publishers Posters where designed to be influential and encourage men to join the army.
I came across a poster reading ‘‘Come into the ranks and fight for your king and country - don't stay in the crowd and stare. You are wanted at the front…Enlist today” The Print Screened poster shows troops of British soldiers marching to war and by-standing men watching in the crowd giving the impression that all able-bodied men should take part and sign up and fight for their country. The government was influencing the idea that war is the right direction for British men, showing that everyone has an opportunity to be involved in some way.
A similar poster of Lord Kitchener (L.K) in is uniform designed by Alfred Leete. (L.K) Has his arm out and figure pointing at the view point with the caption ‘Britain… wants you… join your country’s army… And finishes of with ‘god save the king’ it was that inspirational it was publishing in the London Opinion. Alfred leete was trying to give the direction that Lord Kitchener (L.K) is directly speaking at you. This would have been very inspirational because Lord Kitchener (L.K) was appointed Secretary of state for war and was a big influence to the British army recruitment scheme. These sorts of posters campaigns were created to connect with the public to join the army and fight for their king and country. Some posters Show the positive effect of war and what an effect it was having on the country, Particularly to the younger generation, giving the impression that war was somewhat of an adventure.
The government would also corrupt the news with Atrocity Propaganda, images and news that were designed to print false information in the newspaper and other means of communication of the enemy and there movements regarding war. Horrid Headlines were published to entice the public to react to the terrible new. Headlines such as ‘cutting hands of teenage boys’ and ‘giving children hand grenades’ were used by the press portraying a fake impression of how the British government wanted the public to think about the opposition, making to visually think of the Germans as pure evil they were, these posters Encouraged people to instantly think of hatred and fear by exaggerating how they really were, This corrupted people even more to why they wanted to join the army.
An example of A Atrocity Propaganda is by David Willson In 1917. Mr. Willson a propagandist and created many posters and was also popular with the British public; he created a piece of art called “Red Cross or Iron Cross”. The poster was designed to show an image of a German nurse, purposely pouring a glass water onto the ground in front a wounded and thirsty British soldier. In the background you can see Two German officers standing, purposely grinning with enjoyment. With a captions stating, “wounded and a prisoner, our shoulder crises for water. The German Sister Pours It On The Ground Before His Eyes. There Is No British Woman In Britain Who Would Do This. There Will Be No Women In Britain How Will Forget It Either”. This poster was created to target the difference between both countries’ beliefs. Showing that not only a German disgraceful but even how cruel German nurses is too. In this poster David Willson Giving false belief of sinful hatred showing how supposedly the Germans are treating their prisoners.
One of the major tactics of publishing of world war one was to drop leaflets from the sky, to the soldiers over sea. Leaflets were used on a large scale, also very easy to manufacture. This helped the government to show publishing ways of winning the war, instead of showing triages that would dishearten the public moral. The government thought this was a great way to keep the troops motivated by publishing news of the war and it would influence ideas and belief into the British army. Many of the leaflets that were dropped would be written by propagandist of false information to keep troop thinking of war and their actions towards enemy troops.
There were three types of leaflets that got distributed from a balloon over enemy countries. Messages such as: [On-line] Available: http://www.lib.byu.edu
Gray Leaflets: These leaflets didn’t have a known source as to why they were published; they either had truths or non-factual evidence of the war. Also to warn enemy troops and civilians that there area will be targeted
White leaflets, also know as ‘Threaten destruction’ were designed to inform the British army of their opposition’s movements and news, although some didn’t inform the whole truth.
Black Leaflets. Also commonly know as ‘Disseminate or counter disinformation’ and was designed to print all false news about the war. These leaflets were created to get reaction and opinions of the whole war its self.
Other leaflets were designed to help troop find the nearest airdrop point for food and water, also instruction on how to consume the food and store it.
- • FOR WHAT ARE YOU FIGHTING, MICHEL?
- • They tell you that you are fighting for the Fatherland. Have you ever thought why you are fighting?
- • You are fighting to glorify Hindenburg, to enrich Krupp. You are struggling for the Kaiser, the Junkers, and the militarists....
- • They promise you victory and peace. You poor fool! It was promised your comrades for more than three years. They have indeed found peace, deep in the grave, but victory did not come!
- • No, none of these is the Fatherland. You are the Fatherland.... The whole power of the Western world stands behind England and France and America! An army of ten million is being prepared; soon it will come into the battle. Have you thought of that, Michel?
The British government allowed many authors and artist to write and paint of war implications. Only two army officers allowed taking pictures of the front line action. The government warned soldiers taking pictures of war actions would be punished with death. They wanted to make sure that photography was implied to help the British public to see the efforts of the troops and how brave they are. The idea of other people taking pictures of the real truth at war was unpopular with the British government due to pictures being leaked into the population
This would encourage again member of the public to join the army.
In conclusion, Myself, I think propaganda was in no doubt a huge effect to the British economy. Due to the British governments power of publishing, the public were buying into the war regime and attractions by reading outrageous articles of unwanted lies by looking at the image reading prints. Subconsciously making the public to be misleading to the actual truth of the war. Manufacturing also changed the economy and played a big role with propaganda, and there campaigns. This affected the publishers because the government was advising what then was allowed to be printed, that instantly affected the public because the journalist were created the news
If the British government didn’t have control the propaganda campaigns that were being advertised all over the country, the public moral would lower and would give the impression that the war was not that important. If it weren’t for propaganda many of today’s armies would not be to the scale as they are today or have the financial backing in contrast to world war ones
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